fleet/docs/Using-Fleet/fleetctl-CLI.md

fleetctl CLI

• Introduction
• Using fleetctl
  • Available commands
  • Get more info about a command
• Setting Up Fleet
  • Running Fleet
  • fleetctl config
  • fleetctl setup
  • Query hosts
• Logging in to an existing Fleet instance
• Using fleetctl to configure Fleet
• Using fleetctl with an API-only user
• File carving
  • Configuration
  • Usage
  • Troubleshooting

Introduction

Fleetctl (pronounced "Fleet control") is a CLI tool for managing Fleet from the command line. Fleetctl enables a GitOps workflow with Fleet and osquery. With fleetctl, you can manage configurations, queries, generate osquery installers, etc.

Fleetctl also provides a quick way to work with all the data exposed by Fleet without having to use the Fleet UI or work directly with the Fleet API.

Using fleetctl

You can use fleetctl to accomplish many tasks you would typically need to do through the Fleet UI. You can even set up or apply configuration files to the Fleet server.

Available commands

Much of the functionality available in the Fleet UI is also available in fleetctl. You can run queries, add and remove users, generate osquery installers to add new hosts, get information about existing hosts, and more! The following commands are available for use with fleetctl:

Command	Description
apply	Apply files to declaratively manage osquery configurations
delete	Specify files to declaratively batch delete osquery configurations
setup	Set up a Fleet instance
login	Login to Fleet
logout	Log out of Fleet
query	Run a live query
get	Get/list resources
config	Modify Fleet server connection settings
goquery	Start the goquery interface
user	Manage Fleet users
debug	Tools for debugging Fleet
preview	Start a preview deployment of the Fleet server
updates	Manage client updates
hosts	Manage Fleet hosts
vulnerability-data-stream	Download the vulnerability data stream
package	Create an Orbit installer package
help, h	Shows a list of commands or help for one command

Get more info about a command

Each command available to fleetctl has a help menu with additional information. To pull up the help menu, run fleetctl <command> --help, replacing <command> with the command you're looking up:

> fleetctl setup --help

You will see more info about the command, including the usage and information about any additional commands and options (or 'flags') that can be passed with it:

NAME:
   fleetctl setup - Set up a Fleet instance

USAGE:
   fleetctl setup [options]

OPTIONS:
   --email value     Email of the admin user to create (required) [$EMAIL]
   --name value      Name or nickname of the admin user to create (required) [$NAME]
   --password value  Password for the admin user (recommended to use interactive entry) [$PASSWORD]
   --org-name value  Name of the organization (required) [$ORG_NAME]
   --config value    Path to the fleetctl config file (default: "/Users/ksatter/.fleet/config") [$CONFIG]
   --context value   Name of fleetctl config context to use (default: "default") [$CONTEXT]
   --debug           Enable debug http request logging (default: false) [$DEBUG]
   --help, -h        show help (default: false)

Setting up Fleet

This section walks through setting up and configuring Fleet via the CLI. If you already have a running Fleet instance, skip ahead to Logging in to an existing Fleet instance to configure the fleetctl CLI.

This guide illustrates:

• A minimal CLI workflow for managing an osquery fleet
• The set of API interactions that are required if you want to perform remote, automated management of a Fleet instance

Running Fleet

For the sake of this tutorial, we will be using the local development Docker Compose infrastructure to run Fleet locally. This is documented in some detail in the developer documentation, but the following are the minimal set of commands that you can run from the root of the repository (assuming that you have a working Go/JavaScript toolchain installed along with Docker Compose):

docker-compose up -d
make deps
make generate
make
./build/fleet prepare db
./build/fleet serve

The fleet serve command will be the long running command that runs the Fleet server.

Fleetctl config

At this point, the MySQL database doesn't have any users in it. Because of this, Fleet is exposing a one-time setup endpoint. Before we can hit that endpoint (by running fleetctl setup), we have to first configure the local fleetctl context.

Now, since our Fleet instance is local in this tutorial, we didn't get a valid TLS certificate, so we need to run the following to configure our Fleet context:

fleetctl config set --address https://localhost:8080 --tls-skip-verify
[+] Set the address config key to "https://localhost:8080" in the "default" context
[+] Set the tls-skip-verify config key to "true" in the "default" context

Now, if you were connecting to a Fleet instance for real, you wouldn't want to skip TLS certificate verification, so you might run something like:

fleetctl config set --address https://fleet.corp.example.com
[+] Set the address config key to "https://fleet.corp.example.com" in the "default" context

Fleetctl setup

Now that we've configured our local CLI context, lets go ahead and create our admin account:

fleetctl setup --email zwass@example.com --name 'Zach' --org-name 'Fleet Test'
Password:
[+] Fleet setup successful and context configured!

It's possible to specify the password via the --password flag or the $PASSWORD environment variable, but be cautious of the security implications of such an action. For local use, the interactive mode above is the most secure.

Query hosts

To run a simple query against all hosts, you might run something like the following:

fleetctl query --query 'SELECT * FROM osquery_info;' --labels='All Hosts' > results.json
⠂  100% responded (100% online) | 1/1 targeted hosts (1/1 online)
^C

When the query is done (or you have enough results), CTRL-C and look at the results.json file:

{
  "host": "marpaia",
  "rows": [
    {
      "build_distro": "10.13",
      "build_platform": "darwin",
      "config_hash": "d7cafcd183cc50c686b4c128263bd4eace5d89e1",
      "config_valid": "1",
      "extensions": "active",
      "host_hostname": "marpaia",
      "host_display_name": "marpaia",
      "instance_id": "37840766-7182-4a68-a204-c7f577bd71e1",
      "pid": "22984",
      "start_time": "1527031727",
      "uuid": "B312055D-9209-5C89-9DDB-987299518FF7",
      "version": "3.2.3",
      "watcher": "-1"
    }
  ]
}

Logging in to an existing Fleet instance

If you have an existing Fleet instance, run fleetctl login (after configuring your local CLI context):

fleetctl config set --address https://fleet.corp.example.com
[+] Set the address config key to "https://fleet.corp.example.com" in the "default" context

fleetctl login
Log in using the standard Fleet credentials.
Email: mike@arpaia.co
Password:
[+] Fleet login successful and context configured!

Once your local context is configured, you can use the above fleetctl normally. See fleetctl --help for more information.

Logging in with SAML (SSO) authentication

Users that authenticate to Fleet via SSO should retrieve their API token from the UI and set it manually in their fleetctl configuration (instead of logging in via fleetctl login).

1. Go to the "My account" page in Fleet (https://fleet.corp.example.com/profile). Click the "Get API token" button to bring up a modal with the API token.

2. Set the API token in the ~/.fleet/config file. The file should look like the following:

contexts:
  default:
    address: https://fleet.corp.example.com
    email: example@example.com
    token: your_token_here

Note the token can also be set with fleetctl config set --token, but this may leak the token into a user's shell history.

Using fleetctl to configure Fleet

A Fleet configuration is defined using one or more declarative "messages" in yaml syntax.

Fleet configuration can be retrieved and applied using the fleetctl tool.

Fleetctl get

The fleetctl get <fleet-entity-here> > <configuration-file-name-here>.yml command allows you retrieve the current configuration and create a new file for specified Fleet entity (queries, hosts, etc.)

Fleetctl apply

The fleetctl apply -f <configuration-file-name-here>.yml allows you to apply the current configuration in the specified file.

When a new configuration is applied, agent options are validated. If any errors are found, you will receive an error message describing the issue and the new configuration will not be applied. You can also verify that your agent options are valid without applying using the --dry-run flag. Validation is based on the latest version of osquery. If you don't use the latest version of osquery, you can override validation using the --force flag. This will update agent options even if they are invalid.

Check out the configuration files section of the documentation for example yaml files.

Using fleetctl with an API-only user

When running automated workflows using the Fleet API, we recommend an API-only user's API key rather than the API key of a regular user. A regular user's API key expires frequently for security purposes, requiring routine updates. Meanwhile, an API-only user's key does not expire. An API-only user does not have access to the Fleet UI. Instead, it's only purpose is to interact with the API programmatically or from fleetctl.

Create an API-only user

To create your new API-only user, run fleetctl user create and pass values for --name, --email, and --password, and include the --api-only flag:

fleetctl user create --name "API User" --email api@example.com --password temp!pass --api-only

Permissions for an API-only user

An API-only user can be given the same permissions as a regular user. The default access level is Observer. For more information on permissions, see the user permissions documentation.

If you'd like your API-only user to have a different access level than the default Observer role, you can specify what level of access the new user should have using the --global-role flag:

fleetctl user create --name "API User" --email api@example.com --password temp!pass --api-only --global-role admin

Use fleetctl as an API-only user

To use fleetctl with an API-only user, you will need to log in with fleetctl login. Once done, you'll be able to perform tasks using fleetctl as your new API-only user.

If you are using a version of Fleet older than 4.13.0, you will need to reset the API-only user's password before running queries.

Get the API token of an API-only user

To get the API key of an API-only user, you need to call the Login API with the credentials supplied during user creation.

For example, say the credentials provided were api@example.com for the email and foobar12345 for the password. You may call the Log in API like so:

curl --location --request POST 'https://myfleetdomain.com/api/v1/fleet/login' \
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--data-raw '{
    "email": "api@example.com",
    "password": "foobar12345"
}'

The Log in API will return a response similar to the one below with the API token included that will not expire.

{
    "user": {
        "id": 82,
        "name": "API User",
        "email": "api@example.com",
        "global_role": "observer",
        "api_only": true
    },
    "available_teams": [],
    "token": "foo_token"
}

Switching users

To use fleetctl with your regular user account but occasionally use your API-only user for specific cases, you can set up your fleetctl config with a new context to hold the credentials of your API-only user:

fleetctl config set --address https://dogfood.fleetdm.com --context api
[+] Context "api" not found, creating it with default values
[+] Set the address config key to "https://dogfood.fleetdm.com" in the "api" context

From there on, you can use the --context api flag whenever you need to use the API-only user's identity, rather than logging in and out to switch accounts:

fleetctl login --context admin
Log in using the admin Fleet credentials.
Email: admin@example.com
Password:
[+] Fleet login successful and context configured!

Running a command with no context will use the default profile.

File carving

Fleet supports osquery's file carving functionality as of Fleet 3.3.0. This allows the Fleet server to request files (and sets of files) from osquery agents, returning the full contents to Fleet.

File carving data can be either stored in Fleet's database or to an external S3 bucket. For information on how to configure the latter, consult the configuration docs.

Configuration

Given a working flagfile for connecting osquery agents to Fleet, add the following flags to enable carving:

--disable_carver=false
--carver_disable_function=false
--carver_start_endpoint=/api/v1/osquery/carve/begin
--carver_continue_endpoint=/api/v1/osquery/carve/block
--carver_block_size=8000000

The default flagfile provided in the "Add New Host" dialog also includes this configuration.

Carver block size

The carver_block_size flag should be configured in osquery.

For the (default) MySQL Backend, the configured value must be less than the value of max_allowed_packet in the MySQL connection, allowing for some overhead. The default for MySQL 5.7 is 4MB and for MySQL 8 it is 64MB.

For the S3/Minio backend, this value must be set to at least 5MiB (5242880) due to the constraints of S3's multipart uploads.

Compression

Compression of the carve contents can be enabled with the carver_compression flag in osquery. When used, the carve results will be compressed with Zstandard compression.

Usage

File carves are initiated with osquery queries. Issue a query to the carves table, providing carve = 1 along with the desired path(s) as constraints.

For example, to extract the /etc/hosts file on a host with hostname mac-workstation:

fleetctl query --hosts mac-workstation --query 'SELECT * FROM carves WHERE carve = 1 AND path = "/etc/hosts"'

The standard osquery file globbing syntax is also supported to carve entire directories or more:

fleetctl query --hosts mac-workstation --query 'SELECT * FROM carves WHERE carve = 1 AND path LIKE "/etc/%%"'

Retrieving carves

List the non-expired (see below) carves with fleetctl get carves. Note that carves will not be available through this command until osquery checks in to the Fleet server with the first of the carve contents. This can take some time from initiation of the carve.

To also retrieve expired carves, use fleetctl get carves --expired.

Contents of carves are returned as .tar archives, and compressed if that option is configured.

To download the contents of a carve with ID 3, use

fleetctl get carve --outfile carve.tar 3

It can also be useful to pipe the results directly into the tar command for unarchiving:

fleetctl get carve --stdout 3 | tar -x

Expiration

Carve contents remain available for 24 hours after the first data is provided from the osquery client. After this time, the carve contents are cleaned from the database and the carve is marked as "expired".

The same is not true if S3 is used as the storage backend. In that scenario, it is suggested to setup a bucket lifecycle configuration to avoid retaining data in excess. Fleet, in an "eventual consistent" manner (i.e. by periodically performing comparisons), will keep the metadata relative to the files carves in sync with what it is actually available in the bucket.

Alternative carving backends

Minio

Configure the following:

• FLEET_S3_ENDPOINT_URL=minio_host:port
• FLEET_S3_BUCKET=minio_bucket_name
• FLEET_S3_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=your_secret_access_key
• FLEET_S3_ACCESS_KEY_ID=acces_key_id
• FLEET_S3_FORCE_S3_PATH_STYLE=true
• FLEET_S3_REGION=minio or any non-empty string otherwise Fleet will attempt to derive the region.

Troubleshooting

Check carve status in osquery

Osquery can report on the status of carves through queries to the carves table.

The details provided by

fleetctl query --labels 'All Hosts' --query 'SELECT * FROM carves'

can be helpful to debug carving problems.

Ensure carver_block_size is set appropriately

carver_block_size is an osquery flag that sets the size of each part of a file carve that osquery sends to the Fleet server.

When using the MySQL backend (default), this value must be less than the max_allowed_packet setting in MySQL. If it is too large, MySQL will reject the writes.

When using S3, the value must be at least 5MiB (5242880 bytes), as smaller multipart upload sizes are rejected. Additionally, S3 limits the maximum number of parts to 10,000.

The value must be small enough that HTTP requests do not time out.

Start with a default of 2MiB for MySQL (2097152 bytes), and 5MiB for S3/Minio (5242880 bytes).

Debugging Fleet

fleetctl provides debugging capabilities about the running Fleet server via the debug command. To see a complete list of all the options run:

fleetctl debug --help

To generate a full debugging archive, run:

fleetctl debug archive

This will generate a tar.gz file with:

• prof archives that can be inspected via go tools pprof <archive_name_here>.
• A file containing a set of all the errors that happened in the server during the interval of time defined by the logging_error_retention_period configuration.
• Files containing database-specific information.