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63 lines
2.9 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. _hardening-salt:
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==============
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Hardening Salt
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==============
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This topic contains tips you can use to secure and harden your Salt
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environment. How you best secure and harden your Salt environment depends
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heavily on how you use Salt, where you use Salt, how your team is structured,
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where you get data from, and what kinds of access (internal and external) you
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require.
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General hardening tips
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======================
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- Restrict who can directly log into your Salt master system.
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- Use SSH keys secured with a passphrase to gain access to the Salt master system.
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- Track and secure SSH keys and any other login credentials you and your team
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need to gain access to the Salt master system.
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- Use a hardened bastion server or a VPN to restrict direct access to the Salt
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master from the internet.
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- Don't expose the Salt master any more than what is required.
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- Harden the system as you would with any high-priority target.
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- Keep the system patched and up-to-date.
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- Use tight firewall rules.
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Salt hardening tips
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===================
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- Subscribe to `salt-users`_ or `salt-announce`_ so you know when new Salt
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releases are available. Keep your systems up-to-date with the latest patches.
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- Use Salt's Client :ref:`ACL system <acl>` to avoid having to give out root
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access in order to run Salt commands.
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- Use Salt's Client :ref:`ACL system <acl>` to restrict which users can run what commands.
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- Use :ref:`external Pillar <all-salt.pillars>` to pull data into Salt from
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external sources so that non-sysadmins (other teams, junior admins,
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developers, etc) can provide configuration data without needing access to the
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Salt master.
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- Make heavy use of SLS files that are version-controlled and go through
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a peer-review/code-review process before they're deployed and run in
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production. This is good advice even for "one-off" CLI commands because it
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helps mitigate typos and mistakes.
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- Use salt-api, SSL, and restrict authentication with the :ref:`external auth
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<acl-eauth>` system if you need to expose your Salt master to external
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services.
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- Make use of Salt's event system and :ref:`reactor <reactor>` to allow minions
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to signal the Salt master without requiring direct access.
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- Run the ``salt-master`` daemon as non-root.
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- Disable which modules are loaded onto minions with the
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:conf_minion:`disable_modules` setting. (for example, disable the ``cmd``
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module if it makes sense in your environment.)
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- Look through the fully-commented sample :ref:`master
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<configuration-examples-master>` and :ref:`minion
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<configuration-examples-minion>` config files. There are many options for
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securing an installation.
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- Run :ref:`masterless-mode <tutorial-standalone-minion>` minions on
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particularly sensitive minions. There is also :ref:`salt-ssh` or the
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:mod:`modules.sudo <salt.modules.sudo>` if you need to further restrict
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a minion.
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.. _salt-users: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/salt-users
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.. _salt-announce: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/salt-announce
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