osquery-1/osquery/core/init.cpp

/**
 *  Copyright (c) 2014-present, Facebook, Inc.
 *  All rights reserved.
 *
 *  This source code is licensed under both the Apache 2.0 license (found in the
 *  LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree) and the GPLv2 (found
 *  in the COPYING file in the root directory of this source tree).
 *  You may select, at your option, one of the above-listed licenses.
 */

#include <chrono>
#include <iostream>
#include <random>
#include <thread>

#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>

#ifdef WIN32
#define _WIN32_DCOM

#include <WbemIdl.h>
#include <Windows.h>
#include <signal.h>
#else
#include <unistd.h>
#endif

#ifndef WIN32
#include <sys/resource.h>
#endif

#ifdef FBTHRIFT
#include <folly/init/Init.h>
#endif

#include <boost/filesystem.hpp>

#include <osquery/config.h>
#include <osquery/core.h>
#include <osquery/dispatcher.h>
#include <osquery/events.h>
#include <osquery/extensions.h>
#include <osquery/filesystem.h>
#include <osquery/flags.h>
#include <osquery/killswitch.h>
#include <osquery/logger.h>
#include <osquery/numeric_monitoring/plugin_interface.h>
#include <osquery/registry.h>
#include <osquery/system.h>

#include "osquery/core/process.h"
#include "osquery/core/watcher.h"

#ifdef __linux__
#include <sys/syscall.h>

/*
 * These are the io priority groups as implemented by CFQ. RT is the realtime
 * class, it always gets premium service. BE is the best-effort scheduling
 * class, the default for any process. IDLE is the idle scheduling class, it
 * is only served when no one else is using the disk.
 */
enum {
  IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE,
  IOPRIO_CLASS_RT,
  IOPRIO_CLASS_BE,
  IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE,
};

/*
 * 8 best effort priority levels are supported
 */
#define IOPRIO_BE_NR (8)

enum {
  IOPRIO_WHO_PROCESS = 1,
  IOPRIO_WHO_PGRP,
  IOPRIO_WHO_USER,
};
#endif

#define DESCRIPTION                                                            \
  "osquery %s, your OS as a high-performance relational database\n"
#define EPILOG "\nosquery project page <https://osquery.io>.\n"
#define OPTIONS                                                                \
  "\nosquery configuration options (set by config or CLI flags):\n\n"
#define OPTIONS_SHELL "\nosquery shell-only CLI flags:\n\n"
#define OPTIONS_CLI "osquery%s command line flags:\n\n"
#define USAGE "Usage: %s [OPTION]... %s\n\n"

namespace osquery {
CLI_FLAG(uint64, alarm_timeout, 4, "Seconds to wait for a graceful shutdown");
}

namespace {
extern "C" {
static inline bool hasWorkerVariable() {
  return ::osquery::getEnvVar("OSQUERY_WORKER").is_initialized();
}

volatile std::sig_atomic_t kHandledSignal{0};

static inline bool hasWorker() {
  return (osquery::Watcher::get().isWorkerValid());
}

void signalHandler(int num) {
  // Inform exit status of main threads blocked by service joins.
  if (kHandledSignal == 0) {
    kHandledSignal = num;
    // If no part of osquery requested an interruption then the exit 'wanted'
    // code becomes the signal number.
    if (num != SIGUSR1 && osquery::kExitCode == 0) {
      // The only exception is SIGUSR1 which is used to signal the main thread
      // to interrupt dispatched services.
      osquery::kExitCode = 128 + num;
    }

    // Handle signals based on a tri-state (worker, watcher, neither).
    if (num == SIGHUP) {
      if (!hasWorker() || hasWorkerVariable()) {
        // Reload configuration.
      }
    } else if (num == SIGTERM || num == SIGINT || num == SIGABRT ||
               num == SIGUSR1) {
#ifndef WIN32
      // Time to stop, set an upper bound time constraint on how long threads
      // have to terminate (join). Publishers may be in 20ms or similar sleeps.
      alarm(osquery::FLAGS_alarm_timeout);

      // Allow the OS to auto-reap our child processes.
      std::signal(SIGCHLD, SIG_IGN);
#endif

      // Restore the default signal handler.
      std::signal(num, SIG_DFL);

      // The watcher waits for the worker to die.
      if (hasWorker()) {
        // Bind the fate of the worker to this watcher.
        osquery::Watcher::get().bindFates();
      } else {
        // Otherwise the worker or non-watched process joins.
        // Stop thrift services/clients/and their thread pools.
        osquery::Dispatcher::stopServices();
      }
    }
  }

#ifndef WIN32
  if (num == SIGALRM) {
    // Restore the default signal handler for SIGALRM.
    std::signal(SIGALRM, SIG_DFL);

    // Took too long to stop.
    VLOG(1) << "Cannot stop event publisher threads or services";
    raise((kHandledSignal != 0) ? kHandledSignal : SIGALRM);
  }
#endif

  if (hasWorker()) {
    // The signal should be proliferated through the process group.
    // Otherwise the watcher could 'forward' the signal to workers and
    // managed extension processes.
  }
}
}
}

using chrono_clock = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock;

namespace fs = boost::filesystem;

DECLARE_string(flagfile);

namespace osquery {

DECLARE_string(config_plugin);
DECLARE_string(logger_plugin);
DECLARE_string(numeric_monitoring_plugins);
DECLARE_string(distributed_plugin);
DECLARE_string(killswitch_plugin);
DECLARE_bool(config_check);
DECLARE_bool(config_dump);
DECLARE_bool(database_dump);
DECLARE_string(database_path);
DECLARE_bool(disable_distributed);
DECLARE_bool(disable_database);
DECLARE_bool(disable_events);
DECLARE_bool(disable_logging);
DECLARE_bool(enable_killswitch);
DECLARE_bool(enable_numeric_monitoring);

CLI_FLAG(bool, S, false, "Run as a shell process");
CLI_FLAG(bool, D, false, "Run as a daemon process");
CLI_FLAG(bool, daemonize, false, "Attempt to daemonize (POSIX only)");

FLAG(bool, ephemeral, false, "Skip pidfile and database state checks");

ToolType kToolType{ToolType::UNKNOWN};

/// The saved exit code from a thread's request to stop the process.
volatile std::sig_atomic_t kExitCode{0};

/// The saved thread ID for shutdown to short-circuit raising a signal.
static std::thread::id kMainThreadId;

/// Legacy thread ID to ensure that the windows service waits before exiting
unsigned long kLegacyThreadId;

/// When no flagfile is provided via CLI, attempt to read flag 'defaults'.
const std::string kBackupDefaultFlagfile{OSQUERY_HOME "/osquery.flags.default"};

const size_t kDatabaseMaxRetryCount{25};
const size_t kDatabaseRetryDelay{200};
std::function<void()> Initializer::shutdown_{nullptr};
RecursiveMutex Initializer::shutdown_mutex_;

static inline void printUsage(const std::string& binary, ToolType tool) {
  // Parse help options before gflags. Only display osquery-related options.
  fprintf(stdout, DESCRIPTION, kVersion.c_str());
  if (tool == ToolType::SHELL) {
    // The shell allows a caller to run a single SQL statement and exit.
    fprintf(stdout, USAGE, binary.c_str(), "[SQL STATEMENT]");
  } else {
    fprintf(stdout, USAGE, binary.c_str(), "");
  }

  if (tool == ToolType::EXTENSION) {
    fprintf(stdout, OPTIONS_CLI, " extension");
    Flag::printFlags(false, true);
  } else {
    fprintf(stdout, OPTIONS_CLI, "");
    Flag::printFlags(false, false, true);
    fprintf(stdout, OPTIONS);
    Flag::printFlags();
  }

  if (tool == ToolType::SHELL) {
    // Print shell flags.
    fprintf(stdout, OPTIONS_SHELL);
    Flag::printFlags(true);
  }

  fprintf(stdout, EPILOG);
}

Initializer::Initializer(int& argc, char**& argv, ToolType tool)
    : argc_(&argc), argv_(&argv) {
  // Initialize random number generated based on time.
  std::srand(static_cast<unsigned int>(
      chrono_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count()));
  // The config holds the initialization time for easy access.
  Config::setStartTime(getUnixTime());

  // osquery can function as the daemon or shell depending on argv[0].
  if (tool == ToolType::SHELL_DAEMON) {
    if (fs::path(argv[0]).filename().string().find("osqueryd") !=
        std::string::npos) {
      kToolType = ToolType::DAEMON;
      binary_ = "osqueryd";
    } else {
      kToolType = ToolType::SHELL;
      binary_ = "osqueryi";
    }
  } else {
    // Set the tool type to allow runtime decisions based on daemon, shell, etc.
    kToolType = tool;
  }

  // The 'main' thread is that which executes the initializer.
  kMainThreadId = std::this_thread::get_id();

  // Maintain a legacy thread id for Windows service stops.
  kLegacyThreadId = platformGetTid();

#ifndef WIN32
  // Set the max number of open files.
  struct rlimit nofiles;
  if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &nofiles) == 0) {
    if (nofiles.rlim_cur < 1024 || nofiles.rlim_max < 1024) {
      nofiles.rlim_cur = (nofiles.rlim_cur < 1024) ? 1024 : nofiles.rlim_cur;
      nofiles.rlim_max = (nofiles.rlim_max < 1024) ? 1024 : nofiles.rlim_max;
      setrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &nofiles);
    }
  }
#endif

  // Handled boost filesystem locale problems fixes in 1.56.
  // See issue #1559 for the discussion and upstream boost patch.
  try {
    boost::filesystem::path::codecvt();
  } catch (const std::runtime_error& /* e */) {
#ifdef WIN32
    setlocale(LC_ALL, "C");
#else
    setenv("LC_ALL", "C", 1);
#endif
  }

  Flag::create("logtostderr",
               {"Log messages to stderr in addition to the logger plugin(s)",
                false,
                false,
                true,
                false});
  Flag::create("stderrthreshold",
               {"Stderr log level threshold", false, false, true, false});

  // osquery implements a custom help/usage output.
  bool default_flags = true;
  for (int i = 1; i < *argc_; i++) {
    auto help = std::string((*argv_)[i]);
    if (help == "-S" || help == "--S") {
      kToolType = ToolType::SHELL;
      binary_ = "osqueryi";
    } else if (help == "-D" || help == "--D") {
      kToolType = ToolType::DAEMON;
      binary_ = "osqueryd";
    } else if ((help == "--help" || help == "-help" || help == "--h" ||
                help == "-h") &&
               tool != ToolType::TEST) {
      printUsage(binary_, kToolType);
      shutdown();
    }
    if (help.find("--flagfile") == 0) {
      default_flags = false;
    }
  }

  if (isShell()) {
    // The shell is transient, rewrite config-loaded paths.
    FLAGS_disable_logging = true;
    // The shell never will not fork a worker.
    FLAGS_disable_watchdog = true;
    FLAGS_disable_events = true;
  }

  if (default_flags && isReadable(kBackupDefaultFlagfile)) {
    // No flagfile was set (daemons and services always set a flagfile).
    FLAGS_flagfile = kBackupDefaultFlagfile;
  } else {
    // No flagfile was set, but no default flags exist.
    default_flags = false;
  }

  // Set version string from CMake build
  GFLAGS_NAMESPACE::SetVersionString(kVersion.c_str());

  // Let gflags parse the non-help options/flags.
  GFLAGS_NAMESPACE::ParseCommandLineFlags(argc_, argv_, isShell());

  bool init_glog = true;
#ifdef FBTHRIFT
  init_glog = false;
  ::folly::init(&argc, &argv, false);
#endif

  // Initialize registries and plugins
  registryAndPluginInit();

  if (isShell() || FLAGS_ephemeral) {
    if (Flag::isDefault("database_path") &&
        Flag::isDefault("disable_database")) {
      // The shell should not use a database by default, but should use the DB
      // specified by database_path if it is set
      FLAGS_disable_database = true;
    }
  }

  if (isShell()) {
    // Initialize the shell after setting modified defaults and parsing flags.
    initShell();
  }

  std::signal(SIGABRT, signalHandler);
  std::signal(SIGUSR1, signalHandler);

  // All tools handle the same set of signals.
  // If a daemon process is a watchdog the signal is passed to the worker,
  // unless the worker has not yet started.
  if (!isPlatform(PlatformType::TYPE_WINDOWS)) {
    std::signal(SIGTERM, signalHandler);
    std::signal(SIGINT, signalHandler);
    std::signal(SIGHUP, signalHandler);
    std::signal(SIGALRM, signalHandler);
  }

  // If the caller is checking configuration, disable the watchdog/worker.
  if (FLAGS_config_check) {
    FLAGS_disable_watchdog = true;
  }

  if (isWatcher()) {
    FLAGS_disable_database = true;
    FLAGS_disable_logging = true;
  }

  // Initialize the status and results logger.
  initStatusLogger(binary_, init_glog);
  if (kToolType != ToolType::EXTENSION) {
    if (isWorker()) {
      VLOG(1) << "osquery worker initialized [watcher="
              << PlatformProcess::getLauncherProcess()->pid() << "]";
    } else {
      VLOG(1) << "osquery initialized [version=" << kVersion << "]";
    }
  } else {
    VLOG(1) << "osquery extension initialized [sdk=" << kSDKVersion << "]";
  }

  if (default_flags) {
    VLOG(1) << "Using default flagfile: " << kBackupDefaultFlagfile;
  }

  // Initialize the COM libs
  platformSetup();
}

void Initializer::initDaemon() const {
  if (isWorker() || !isDaemon()) {
    // The worker process (child) will not daemonize.
    return;
  }

  if (FLAGS_config_check) {
    // No need to daemonize, emit log lines, or create process mutexes.
    return;
  }

#if !defined(__APPLE__) && !defined(WIN32)
  // OS X uses launchd to daemonize.
  if (osquery::FLAGS_daemonize) {
    if (daemon(0, 0) == -1) {
      shutdown(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
  }
#endif

  // Print the version to the OS system log.
  systemLog(binary_ + " started [version=" + kVersion + "]");

  if (!FLAGS_ephemeral) {
    // Create a process mutex around the daemon.
    auto pid_status = createPidFile();
    if (!pid_status.ok()) {
      LOG(ERROR) << binary_ << " initialize failed: " << pid_status.toString();
      shutdown(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
  }

  // Nice ourselves if using a watchdog and the level is not too permissive.
  if (!FLAGS_disable_watchdog && FLAGS_watchdog_level >= 0) {
    // Set CPU scheduling I/O limits.
    // On windows these values are inherited so no further calls are needed.
    setToBackgroundPriority();

#ifdef __linux__
    // Using: ioprio_set(IOPRIO_WHO_PGRP, 0, IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE);
    syscall(SYS_ioprio_set, IOPRIO_WHO_PGRP, 0, IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE);
#elif defined(__APPLE__)
    setiopolicy_np(IOPOL_TYPE_DISK, IOPOL_SCOPE_PROCESS, IOPOL_THROTTLE);
#endif
  }
}

void Initializer::initShell() const {
  // Get the caller's home dir for temporary storage/state management.
  auto homedir = osqueryHomeDirectory();
  if (osquery::pathExists(homedir).ok()) {
    // Only apply user/shell-specific paths if not overridden by CLI flag.
    if (Flag::isDefault("database_path")) {
      osquery::FLAGS_database_path =
          (fs::path(homedir) / "shell.db").make_preferred().string();
    }
    initShellSocket(homedir);
  } else {
    fprintf(
        stderr, "Cannot access or create osquery home: %s", homedir.c_str());
    FLAGS_disable_extensions = true;
    FLAGS_disable_database = true;
  }

  if (Flag::isDefault("hash_delay")) {
    // The hash_delay is designed for daemons only.
    Flag::updateValue("hash_delay", "0");
  }
}

void Initializer::initWatcher() const {
  // The watcher should not log into or use a persistent database.
  if (isWatcher()) {
    DatabasePlugin::setAllowOpen(true);
    DatabasePlugin::initPlugin();
  }

  // The watcher takes a list of paths to autoload extensions from.
  // The loadExtensions call will populate the watcher's list of extensions.
  osquery::loadExtensions();

  // Add a watcher service thread to start/watch an optional worker and list
  // of optional extensions from the autoload paths.
  if (Watcher::get().hasManagedExtensions() || !FLAGS_disable_watchdog) {
    Dispatcher::addService(
        std::make_shared<WatcherRunner>(*argc_, *argv_, isWatcher()));
  }

  if (isWatcher()) {
    if (shutdown_ != nullptr) {
      shutdown_();
      shutdown_ = nullptr;
    }

    // If there are no autoloaded extensions, the watcher service will end,
    // otherwise it will continue as a background thread and respawn them.
    // If the watcher is also a worker watchdog it will do nothing but monitor
    // the extensions and worker process.
    Dispatcher::joinServices();
    // Execution should only reach this point if a signal was handled by the
    // worker and watcher.
    auto retcode = 0;
    if (kHandledSignal > 0) {
      retcode = 128 + kHandledSignal;
    } else if (Watcher::get().getWorkerStatus() >= 0) {
      retcode = Watcher::get().getWorkerStatus();
    } else {
      retcode = EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
    requestShutdown(retcode);
  }
}

void Initializer::initWorker(const std::string& name) const {
  // Clear worker's arguments.
  auto original_name = std::string((*argv_)[0]);
  for (int i = 1; i < *argc_; i++) {
    if ((*argv_)[i] != nullptr) {
      memset((*argv_)[i], '\0', strlen((*argv_)[i]));
    }
  }

  // Start a 'watcher watcher' thread to exit the process if the watcher exits.
  // In this case the parent process is called the 'watcher' process.
  Dispatcher::addService(std::make_shared<WatcherWatcherRunner>(
      PlatformProcess::getLauncherProcess()));
}

void Initializer::initWorkerWatcher(const std::string& name) const {
  if (isWorker()) {
    initWorker(name);
  } else {
    // The watcher will forever monitor and spawn additional workers.
    // This initialize will handle work for processes without watchdogs too.
    initWatcher();
  }
}

bool Initializer::isWorker() {
  return hasWorkerVariable();
}

bool Initializer::isWatcher() {
  return !FLAGS_disable_watchdog && !isWorker();
}

void Initializer::initActivePlugin(const std::string& type,
                                   const std::string& name) const {
  auto status = applyExtensionDelay(([type, name](bool& stop) {
    auto rs = RegistryFactory::get().setActive(type, name);
    if (rs.ok()) {
      // The plugin was found, and is now active.
      return rs;
    }

    if (!Watcher::get().hasManagedExtensions()) {
      // The plugin must be local, and is not active, problem.
      stop = true;
    }
    return rs;
  }));

  if (!status.ok()) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "Cannot activate " << name << " " << type
               << " plugin: " << status.getMessage();
    requestShutdown(EXIT_CATASTROPHIC);
  }
}

void Initializer::installShutdown(std::function<void()>& handler) {
  RecursiveLock lock(shutdown_mutex_);
  shutdown_ = std::move(handler);
}

void Initializer::start() const {
  // Pre-extension manager initialization options checking.
  // If the shell or daemon does not need extensions and it will exit quickly,
  // prefer to disable the extension manager.
  if ((FLAGS_config_check || FLAGS_config_dump) &&
      !Watcher::get().hasManagedExtensions()) {
    FLAGS_disable_extensions = true;
  }

  // A watcher should not need access to the backing store.
  // If there are spurious access then warning logs will be emitted since the
  // set-allow-open will never be called.
  if (!isWatcher()) {
    DatabasePlugin::setAllowOpen(true);
    // A daemon must always have R/W access to the database.
    DatabasePlugin::setRequireWrite(isDaemon());

    for (size_t i = 1; i <= kDatabaseMaxRetryCount; i++) {
      if (DatabasePlugin::initPlugin().ok()) {
        break;
      }

      if (i == kDatabaseMaxRetryCount) {
        LOG(ERROR) << RLOG(1629) << binary_
                   << " initialize failed: Could not initialize database";
        auto retcode = (isWorker()) ? EXIT_CATASTROPHIC : EXIT_FAILURE;
        requestShutdown(retcode);
      }

      sleepFor(kDatabaseRetryDelay);
    }

    // Ensure the database results version is up to date before proceeding
    if (!upgradeDatabase()) {
      LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to upgrade database";
      auto retcode = (isWorker()) ? EXIT_CATASTROPHIC : EXIT_FAILURE;
      requestShutdown(retcode);
    }
  }

  // Bind to an extensions socket and wait for registry additions.
  // After starting the extension manager, osquery MUST shutdown using the
  // internal 'shutdown' method.
  auto s = osquery::startExtensionManager();
  if (!s.ok()) {
    auto severity = (Watcher::get().hasManagedExtensions()) ? google::GLOG_ERROR
                                                            : google::GLOG_INFO;
    if (severity == google::GLOG_INFO) {
      VLOG(1) << "Cannot start extension manager: " + s.getMessage();
    } else {
      google::LogMessage(__FILE__, __LINE__, severity).stream()
          << "Cannot start extension manager: " + s.getMessage();
    }
  }

  // Then set the config plugin, which uses a single/active plugin.
  initActivePlugin("config", FLAGS_config_plugin);

  // Run the setup for all lazy registries (tables, SQL).
  Registry::setUp();

  if (FLAGS_config_check) {
    // The initiator requested an initialization and config check.
    s = Config::get().load();
    if (!s.ok()) {
      std::cerr << "Error reading config: " << s.toString() << "\n";
    }
    // A configuration check exits the application.
    // Make sure to request a shutdown as plugins may have created services.
    requestShutdown(s.getCode());
  }

  if (FLAGS_database_dump) {
    dumpDatabase();
    requestShutdown();
  }

  // Load the osquery config using the default/active config plugin.
  s = Config::get().load();
  if (!s.ok()) {
    auto message = "Error reading config: " + s.toString();
    if (isDaemon()) {
      LOG(WARNING) << message;
    } else {
      VLOG(1) << message;
    }
  }

  // Initialize the status and result plugin logger.
  if (!FLAGS_disable_logging) {
    initActivePlugin("logger", FLAGS_logger_plugin);
    initLogger(binary_);
  }

  // Initialize the distributed plugin, if necessary
  if (!FLAGS_disable_distributed) {
    initActivePlugin("distributed", FLAGS_distributed_plugin);
  }

  if (FLAGS_enable_killswitch) {
    initActivePlugin("killswitch", FLAGS_killswitch_plugin);
  }
  if (FLAGS_enable_numeric_monitoring) {
    initActivePlugin(monitoring::registryName(),
                     FLAGS_numeric_monitoring_plugins);
  }

  if (Killswitch::get().isAppStartMonitorEnabled()) {
    monitoring::record("osquery.start", 1, monitoring::PreAggregationType::Sum);
  }

  // Start event threads.
  osquery::attachEvents();
  EventFactory::delay();
}

void Initializer::waitForShutdown() {
  {
    RecursiveLock lock(shutdown_mutex_);
    if (shutdown_ != nullptr) {
      // Copy the callable, then remove it, prevent callable recursion.
      auto shutdown = shutdown_;
      shutdown_ = nullptr;

      // Call the shutdown callable.
      shutdown();
    }
  }

  // Attempt to be the only place in code where a join is attempted.
  Dispatcher::joinServices();
  // End any event type run loops.
  EventFactory::end(true);

  // Hopefully release memory used by global string constructors in gflags.
  GFLAGS_NAMESPACE::ShutDownCommandLineFlags();
  DatabasePlugin::shutdown();

  auto excode = (kExitCode != 0) ? kExitCode : EXIT_SUCCESS;
  if (isWatcher()) {
    platformMainThreadExit(excode);
  }
  exit(excode);
}

void Initializer::requestShutdown(int retcode) {
  if (kExitCode == 0) {
    kExitCode = retcode;
  }

  // Stop thrift services/clients/and their thread pools.
  if (std::this_thread::get_id() != kMainThreadId) {
    raise(SIGUSR1);
  } else {
    // The main thread is requesting a shutdown, meaning in almost every case
    // it is NOT waiting for a shutdown.
    // Exceptions include: tight request / wait in an exception handler or
    // custom signal handling.
    Dispatcher::stopServices();
    waitForShutdown();
  }
}

void Initializer::requestShutdown(int retcode, const std::string& system_log) {
  systemLog(system_log);
  requestShutdown(retcode);
}

void Initializer::shutdown(int retcode) {
  platformTeardown();
  ::exit(retcode);
}
}